IJT volume II n° 4 : table of contents
Yasemin MUMCU AY : The physiology-psychology relation in Halit Ziya Usakligil’s novels
It is apparent that Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, who has many Works in almost every realm of prose in Turkish literature, was influenced by the realist and the naturalist authors in his novels, four of which were published in Izmir, and four in İstanbul. According to Uşaklıgil, characters, one of the most important elements of a novel, should be described in details, and in doing so, physiology-psychology harmony should also be paid attention. In his novels, in which female characters are emphasized in details and vividly, that harmony becomes more apparent. Following the underpinnings and principles of determinism, Uşaklıgil has a very successful, objective style of presenting his characters to his readers along with a fine harmony of appearence-body-psychology. This article is aimed at illustrating the relationship between human physiology, considering the novels of the author.
Birol CAYMAZ : La laïcité en Turquie : le poids de l’héritage ottoman
Comment expliquer la singularité de la laïcité dans un pays majoritairement musulman comme la Turquie? La tradition politique ottomane, marquée par une autonomie affirmée de l’Etat à l’égard de la religion et le processus de réformes étatiques depuis le début du XIXème siècle constitue une base historique pour la mise en oeuvre de la laïcité en Turquie. Dans ce sens la laïcité républicaine trouve ses racines dans la culture politique ottomane et dans le passé récent de la période de modernisation prérépublicaine.
Bahriye ÇERİ : Ahmet Hâşim et Hilmi Yavuz : deux étoiles voisines dans le ciel de la poésie
Ahmed Hâşim eut une grande influence sur une multitude de poètes turcs pendant et après son époque. Certains grands noms de la poésie comme Ahmed Muhip Dranas, Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı, Necip Fazıl ou Asaf Halet Çelebi ont réellement été profondément influencés par Hâşim. Le poète le plus proche de Ahmed Hâşim est Hilmi Yavuz. Nous essayerons de rechercher dans ce texte les traces d’Ahmed Hâşim dans la poésie de Hilmi Yavuz en prenant pour base la connexion de textes qu’expose Julia Kristeva dans son livre Semeiotiké dans le chapitre “poésie et négativité ” dont la troisième sous-partie est “Le discours étranger dans l’espace du langage poétique : L’intertextualité. Le paragrammatisme ”. Ainsi, nous tenterons ici de révéler concrètement l’influence de la poésie turque qu’a reçu Hilmi Yavuz de la poésie qui l’a précédé en s’appuyant sur la particularité d’Ahmet Hâşim.
Osman GÜNDÜZ : Parmi les romans du modernisme ottoman, deux romans originaux au sujet de la relation de l’homme au divin Amak-i Hayal (le voyage dans la profondeur des rêves) et Perviz.
Dans les débats politiques et sociaux durant la deuxième monarchie constitutionnelle ottomane, on constate deux débats singuliers. Le premier est mené par Ahmet Hilmi, la pensée islamique de tendance mystique, et le deuxième est mené par Baha Tevfik et Celal Nuri, une pensée matérialiste nourrie par la philosophie positiviste.
Hilmi UÇAN : Absurd philosophy in the novel Aylak Adam by Yusuf Atılgan and in the novel the Stranger by Albert Camus: alienation, doubt, loneliness, giving the subject the prime place and search for identity
‘Socialist realism’ was the reigning understanding of art in the 1950’s in Turkey. This understanding was the reflection of Marxist ideology onto the art. In other words, those artists holding this ideology were of the opinion that ‘art is for society’ and they aim at putting the art at the society’s service; thus doing good for the people. This understanding which is studied as ‘Rural fiction’ from the thematic point of view had an influence between the years 1950-1960. The novel Aylak Adam by Yusuf Atılgan was the one published at this period in 1959. However, Yusuf Atılgan’s novel Aylak Adam differs from the novels of ‘socialist realism’ of that period both from its narrative technique and from its thematic structure.
Aylak Adam is not the kind of novel that asserts any specific thesis which governs the period the author lived. In this novel the question of westernization which is the leading line in Turkish literature, is not taken into consideration. With this novel by Atılgan, the description of the subject’s inner world can be said to have started in novel in Turkish narrative. With this novel, a new era began on interpreting the modernist world and the study of modern man’s depression. Aylak Adam is the fore and foremost step, a kind of introduction to the transition of the postmodern fiction in Turkish literature. Aylak Adam as a novel is an introduction to the questioning of the identity of a person; his/her existence, loneliness and alienation. It is a novel that signifies a return to the subject.
In this context it shares some similar points with the novel the Stranger by Albert Camus. The novel Aylak Adam largely benefits from Albert Camus from the philosophical point of view. The novel the Stranger is also the novel that questions man, state of human, society and the man in the society. Both novels are pessimistic and consist of criticism of the society, a revolt and antagonism.
L. Hilal AKGÜL : The Transition from industrial plans to development planning in Turkey after the Second World War
The first state in the world to apply economic planning is the USSR. The first economic plan was launched in 1928 – 1929. For the first half the 1930’s, it is possible to meet examples of economic planning in Western Europe as well. In this sense first examples belong to Italy, Germany and to Turkey. For this reason it can be argued that, Turkey’s experience in economic planning is relatively old. In this article, five different chronologically successive economic plans will be touched upon for Turkey. Four of these plans, take the characteristic form of industrial plans, while the remaining one is a development plan. The main purpose of this article is, to describe the process of transition from the industrial plans of the 1930’s to the development plan of the period after the Second World War, taking into consideration differences among these plans and the reasons for this transition.
Işıl ALTUN : Eschatology or «ends of history»
Eschatology consists of the myths explaining things which are to happen at the end of the world and the life of man after death in a theological aspect. Even though eschatology as a concept began in the 19th century, the background of this thinking goes far back into history. As for many religions, doctrines and cults, the end of the world defines a beginning rather than an end. Eschatology is an important element in Jewish, Christian and Islamic traditions. Doomsday in Islamic tradition and in Turkish thinking constitutes eschatology mythoses defined by the last time and the doctrines related to the end of the world or the end of that age in world history. Such Turkish eschatological beliefs shall be attempted to be investigated using sample texts.
